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——小西妈双语工程2007期58号Eason蘑菇FT Mushroom Growing 

What is mushroom?

Mushrooms are a type of fungus. Fungi are neither animals nor plants, but feed on living or deadplants or animals, and absorb their nutrients.

蘑菇蘑菇是一种真菌。真菌既不是动物，也不是植物，而是以活的或枯死的植物或动物为食，并吸收其营养。

The main body of a fungus is usually found underground. We see them when they grow above ground as mushrooms. The head of a mushroom is called a fruiting body, and can be any shape, size or color. Fruiting bodies contain spores (cells) that produce more mushrooms.

真菌的主体通常位于地下。当它们在地面上长成蘑菇时，我们会看到它们。蘑菇的头被称为子实体，可以是任何形状，大小或颜色。子实体包含产生更多蘑菇的孢子（细胞）。

For humans, some mushrooms provide great health benefits and are tasty to cook with, while others can be poisonousand even deadly!

对于人类而言，某些蘑菇具有极大的健康益处和可食用的美感，而其他蘑菇则可能有毒甚至致命！

Mushrooms lack the ability to use energy from the sun. They are not green plants because they do not have chlorophyll. Mushrooms extract their carbohydrates and proteins from a rich medium of decaying, organic-matter vegetation.

蘑菇缺乏利用太阳能量的能力。它们不是绿色植物，因为它们没有叶绿素。蘑菇从腐烂的有机物质植被中提取碳水化合物和蛋白质。

During its growth, it mainly uses all kinds of nutrients in the medium as nutrient sources to achieve growth and development.

在生长的过程中,主要是将培养料中的各类营养物质作为营养来源,从而实现生长发育。

Some mushroom facts for kids

Mushrooms are the edible fruity bodies of fungi that can been seen with the naked human eye.

A mushroom is not a plant, it’s part of a fungus.

Not all mushrooms are safe to eat, wild mushrooms can be toxic and deadly if consumed.

There are many wild and commercially grown mushrooms that are safe for consumption.

There are over 20 different species of mushrooms commercially grown worldwide.

The practice of commercially growing mushrooms is called fungiculture.

A few mushrooms that are safe for consumption are portobello mushrooms, cremini mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, shitake mushrooms, enoki mushrooms and morel mushrooms.

Mushroom hunting is the practice of searching for and gathering wild mushrooms that are safe for consumption. It’s important to mention that only experienced mushroom hunters to gather and eat wild mushrooms.

A mushroom is sometimes referred to as a toadstool.

The largest producer of edible mushrooms in the world is China.

The white mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is the most commonly grown and eaten mushroom.

Edible and poisonous mushrooms

01 Edible mushroom可食用蘑菇

Some mushrooms are eaten as tasty food. Mushrooms are high in fiber and vitamins as well as minerals like iron and phosphorus. They’re very versatile and a good source of protein for vegetarians.

有些蘑菇可以作为美味的食物。蘑菇含有丰富 的纤维和维生素以及矿物质，如铁和磷。它们用途广泛，是素食者的良好蛋白质来源。

The common field mushroom is normally white with brown gills. They are often grown in dark wet rooms where the temperature is always the same. Then they are brought to stores and markets where they are sold at high prices.

常见的食用蘑菇通常是白色带有棕色的菌褶。它们通常生长在黑暗潮湿的房间里，那里的温度总是相同的。然后，他们被带到商店和市场，在那里他们以高价出售。

The best known and most widely eaten mushroom is the mushroom. It has a short thick stalk and a white cap. mushrooms are found in all kinds of food, from pizzas to salads and stews.

最出名和最广泛食用的蘑菇是口蘑。它有一个短的厚茎和一个白色的帽子。从比萨饼到沙拉和炖菜，各种食物中都有食用口蘑。

02. Poisonous mushrooms有毒蘑菇

Some mushrooms are poisonous. They produce chemicals called toxins. Some toxins lead to diarrhoea or other illnesses, a few mushrooms are even deadly. They can cause liver damage or attack kidneys.

有些蘑菇是有毒的。他们生产被称为毒素的化学物质。有些毒素会导致腹泻或其他疾病，一些蘑菇甚至致命。它们可能导致肝脏损伤或肾脏攻击。

Two very deadly mushrooms are the death cap and the destroying angel. The death cap appears in many colours, which is why it is difficult to identify. It has over twenty different kinds of poison it. The destroying angel is a beautiful white mushroom which grows in summer and autumn.

两个非常致命的蘑菇是死亡帽和毁灭天使。死亡帽以多种颜色出现，这就是为什么很难识别的原因。它有二十多种不同的毒药。毁灭天使是一种美丽的白蘑菇，生长在夏天和秋天。

It is often very hard for people to tell between edible and poisonous mushrooms. So, never eat a mushroom you find unless you know what it is.

人们通常很难区分食用蘑菇和有毒蘑菇。所以，永远不要吃你找到的蘑菇，除非你知道它是什么。

Mushroom life cycleParts of the mushroomA mushroom has two parts.01 Mycelium菌丝体

The part underground is called the mycelium. It gets food for the mushroom. Sometimes it dies quickly, but if it gets enough food it may live for hundreds of years.

02 Fruit 子实体The umbrella-shaped body of a mushroom that we can see is called the fruit or sporophore. It only lives for a few days.

1) cap

The fruit starts out as a small which grows into a stalk and a cap.

2) stem

The stalk or stem grows quickly because it can absorb a lot of water.

3) gills

As the cap becomes larger it unfolds like an umbrella. Soon small plates, called gills, appear under the mushroom’s cap. They have small seeds or spores on them. When these spores fall off the mushroom the wind blows them away. If they fall on a warm, wet area a new mycelium develops.

Mushrooms can have a diameter of up to 40 cm. Although some may be very colourful, most mushrooms are white, brown or yellow.

Grow mushrooms from a mushroom kit

用蘑菇种植包种植蘑菇

For first-time growers, growing mushrooms from a ready-made kit can be a fun, easy option for producing your own mushrooms.

对于首次种植者来说，用现成的套件来种植自己的蘑菇的一个操作简单并且有趣的选择。

These kits usually consist of plastic bags filled with sterilized, inoculated straw or soil. All you need to do keep the bag in the correct conditions and in seven to 10 days youll have homegrown mushrooms.

这些工具包通常由装满消毒、接种的稻草或土壤的塑料袋组成。所以你需要做的是把它放在正确的环境下7至10天，你会有自产蘑菇。

Kits will be used to grow most of the common mushroom varieties such as white , crimini, portobello, lions mane, shiitake, and oyster mushrooms.

套件将用于种植大多数常见的蘑菇品种，如白蘑菇、小褐菇(克里米尼蘑菇)、大褐菇(波特贝勒菇)、猴头菇、香菇和平菇。

To begin the growing process, simply open the bag and place it in a bright location, out of direct sunlight — such as a shady sill. The kit can be kept at room temperature, but it will need to be misted with water daily to keep humidity high. Some kits will provide plastic tents to cover the bag and maintain humidity levels.

要开始生长过程，只需打开袋子，放在明亮的位置，避免阳光直射-如阴凉的窗台。这种套件可以放在室温下，但需要每天喷水来保持湿度。一些工具包将提供用来覆盖袋子的塑料帐篷来保持湿度水平。

The mushrooms will start to sprout after seven to ten days, but you can expect to see two or three flushes of growth over a three month period.

蘑菇将在七到十天后开始发芽，但你可以预期在三个月内看到两到三次的生长。

The great thing about these kits is that after they have finished producing mushrooms, you can bury them outdoors under bark mulch or in your compost pile. Then, depending on weather conditions, mushrooms may start to pop up in that spot.

这些工具包的伟大之处在于，在它们生产完蘑菇后，你可以把它们埋在户外的树皮覆盖物下或堆肥堆里。然后根据天气条件，蘑菇可能会开始出现在那个地方。

Preparation before growing01 Cool off

Before the day of growing mushroom, keep the growing kits in the cold storage (fridge) for about 10 hours.

This step is one of the keys in stimulating mushroom growth, so it’s important not to forget this one.

02 Choose a farming spot

Please notice that unlike the plants, mushrooms do not need direct sunlight. They dont like strong sunshine. Wed better keep them in a cool and humid place.

p: Can we put them on the balcony or bay win dow?

k: No. we can’t

p: why

k: because there is strong sunshine on the balcony and bay win dow.

p: what will happen if we put over there

k: the mushrooms will die.

p: correct. In that case, the mushroom might not come out since the mushrooms like the dark and humid place.

p: Let’s choose the right side of the TV cabinet as the farming spot for the mushroom.

03 Spray bottle

Fill the spray bottle with water from the tap.

Water and Grow the Mushrooms

1.Lets take the mushroom kits out of the fridge.

2. Look. here are some dotted lines in the front of the box. Let’s remove the front panel of the box along those dotted lines.

01:49

3.Cut an “X” into the front of the bag.

To do this, we use the knife to cut the shape of an “X” into the plastic on top of the dirt soil

Do not cut the the flaps off. These are very important in helping the soil maintain moisture by creating a humid, greenhouse-like effect.

Now the X is done. In the following few days, mushroom will grow out from this hole

02:00

4.Gently lift up the flaps of the mushroom kit and spray 3-5 pumps onto the soil area. Aim the nozzle at the X hole.

5.Spray water twice a day with 3-5 pumps each time. Repeat this spraying process daily for the next few days until the baby mushrooms sprouting. Just a little water drop, otherwise the mushrooms will rat if we spray too much water.

6.Pick mushrooms 3 to 4 days after they starting to sprout and they will taste fresh and tender.

Mushroom growth logDay 1: The first day of growingDay2-5: Nothing special

这几天有点忙，忘记拍照也忘记观察了。不知道Eason有没有喷水，事实证明好像不喷水也会长😂

Day6-7： Keep growing

Look, our mushrooms are growing much bigger than yesterday.

p: Look at your oyster mushroom. Your mushrooms have started to sprout.

k: yes.

P: There are some baby mushrooms coming out. Can you see the baby mushrooms?

k: Yes. they look like little caps.

p: Look at the stem. You can touch it lightly. (You can gently touched it). How does it feel

k: Its soft

p: yes. Its soft and full of water.

p: look. Some small mushrooms have grown around it. Mushrooms are growing with different individuals and different growth rates. So we can see some of them are big while some are small.

00:44

Day8： Grow bigger and bigger

The mushrooms become bigger and bigger. Maybe we can cook them tomorrow

00:59

Day9：Harvest your mushrooms

The mushrooms had stopped growing at this point and they are ready to be pulled out.

Once they have reached full size（about 7-10 centimeters）, press down on the substrate with one hand, then use the other hand to twist the stalk/stem off at the base. You may eat them immediately or put them in fridge or dry them for later use.

If youre not sure what a fully developed oyster mushroom looks like, wait until the edges of the first mushroom go wavy. This is slightly past optimal harvesting point, but still edible. Pick the other mushrooms just before they reach the size of the first.

02:17

p: Come here Eason. Some mushrooms are getting dried. So I think it’s the right time to pick them. Do you want to pick them?

k:yes. I want to pick them

p: ok. Just gently pluck/pull them out of the growing soil one by one.

p: hole the bottom of the mushrooms and then pull gently. Put them in the bowl.

p: wow. You’ve got a big harvest. We will cook our mushroom for dinner.

Wash the mushrooms

First, we should wash off the soil attached to the base of the mushrooms.

Separate all the mushrooms into individual caps like this.

Then let them soak in the water for a little while maybe 10 mins.

Wash them under the running water

Now they are clean and ready to cook.

03:17

Cook the mushroom and serve 扫描老师二维码“进群学习”扫描老师二维码“进群学习”扫描老师二维码“进群学习”扫描老师二维码“进群学习”扫描老师二维码“进群学习”扫描老师二维码“进群学习”

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